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Industrial Era |
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| Industrialisation and expansion became the major theme of the 19th century. Traditional clock-making was no longer practised on a large scale. Regional production of domestic clocks such as the popular 'staartklok' was taken over by foreign competition, especially from the Black Forest (Germany). Under the influence of Romanticism, there was a renewed interest in period styles and historical clocks such the Barentsz clock (see: Middle Ages). On a limited scale, traditional clocks like the Frisian and Zaan clocks were being copied. This prompted the industrial production of period clocks, using assembled parts, often imported from abroad. However, most clocks were designed as elaborate imitations in neo-styles. The only progression in the field of chronometry was reached by the production of regulators and chronometers which served both science and shipping. The most important modernisation was established by the electric clock. |
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Politiek |
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Industrialisation in The Netherlands occurred during the reign of King Willem III.
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Cultuur |
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Railways and steam powered factories heightened the need for standardized time.
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Architectuur |
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19th century architecture and design were determined mainly by using historical examples. Industry supplied new production techniques.
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Kunst |
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The ideal of eternity in classical art gave way to the fleeting moment in time of impressionism and photography.
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