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Industrial Era
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Industrialisation in The Netherlands occurred during the reign of King Willem III.
William III
The Kingdom of The Netherlands came into being in 1813 during the reign of Willem I and following the removal of Napoleon. During Willem III's reign considerable and extensive industrialisation took place with the building of steam powered factories and railways. Many large public utility buildings, such as modern hospitals, post offices, bridges, waterworks, barracks and fortifications were built. The Netherlands became a country of entrepreneurs and trade unions. Parlementary democracy took shape at this time, especially under politicians like the liberal J.R. Thorbecke (1798-1872) and the socialist F. Domela Nieuwenhuis (1846-1919). In 1848 a new constitution was installed. The right to general elections however, would have to wait until 1917.